The Unfortunate Dys

The Unfortunate Dys The Unfortunate Dys The Unfortunate Dys By Sharon The prefix dys- derives from the Greek and has a number of unfavourable meanings. In Greek, using this prefix denoted the opposite of anything that was easy, favourable or fortunate, according to the Oxford Dictionary of Etymology. Connotations include: impaired, defective, difficult, slow, wrong, ill, harsh, disordered and bad. There are a number of common words which use this prefix: dyscalculia: difficulty in solving mathematical problems dysentery: an intestinal disorder dysfunction: abnormal or impaired function; hence, dysfunctional dysgraphia: inability to write correctly because of impairment in brain function dyskinesia: impairment of the the ability to make voluntary movements dyslexia: difficulty with processing written language, resulting in reading and spelling difficulties A longer list is available on the WordQuests site. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Punctuating â€Å"So† at the Beginning of a SentenceBroadcast vs Broadcasted as Past Form10 Varieties of Syntax to Improve Your Writing

University of the District of Columbia Admissions Data

University of the District of Columbia Admissions Data University of the District of Columbia Description: The University of the District of Columbia is a historically black, public university located in Washington, D.C. (learn about other D.C. colleges). It is the only public university in the District of Columbia and one of the few urban land grant institutions in the United States. The nine-acre main campus is situated in northwest D.C., just a short distance from many of the Washington metropolitan area’s cultural and recreational offerings. UDC offers more than 75 degree programs for undergraduate and graduate students, including popular programs in business administration, accounting, biology and administration of justice. The university is especially proud of its education program, including its Center for Urban Education. Academics are supported by a 14 to 1 student / faculty ratio. The university also includes the UDC Community College, a branch of the university that grants associate’s degrees, and the David A. Clarke School of Law. Campus life is active at UDC, wi th more than 50 student clubs including the Aviation Student Association and Video Game Association, and a host of fraternities and sororities. The UDC Firebirds field ten men’s and women’s varsity athletic teams in the NCAA Division II East Coast Conference. Admissions Data (2016): UDC Acceptance Rate: -University of the District of Columbia has open admissionsTest Scores 25th / 75th PercentileSAT Critical Reading: - / -SAT Math: - / -SAT Writing: - / -Whats a good SAT score?ACT Composite: - / -ACT English: - / -ACT Math: - / -Whats a good ACT score? Enrollment (2016): Total Enrollment: 4,318  (3,950 undergraduates)Gender Breakdown: 43% Male / 57% Female46% Full-time Costs (2016 - 17): Tuition and Fees: $5,612  (in-state); $11,756 (out-of-state)Books: $1,280  (why so much?)Room and Board: $16,425Other Expenses: $4,627Total Cost: $27,944  (in-state); $34,088 (out-of-state) University of the District of Columbia Financial Aid (2015  - 16): Percentage of New Students Receiving Aid: 75%Percentage of New Students Receiving Types of AidGrants: 65%Loans: 30%Average Amount of AidGrants: $6,756Loans: $5,530 Academic Programs: Most Popular Majors:  Accounting, Biology, Business Administration, Corrections, Economics, Graphic Design, Health Education, Social Work Transfer, Graduation and Retention Rates: First Year Student Retention (full-time students): 56%Transfer-out Rate: 30%4-Year Graduation Rate: 13%6-Year Graduation Rate: 33% Intercollegiate Athletic Programs: Mens Sports:  Soccer, Tennis, Lacrosse, BasketballWomens Sports:  Tennis, Track and Field, Cross Country, Lacrosse, Basketball Data Source: National Center for Educational Statistics If You Like the University of DC, You May Also Like These Schools: Virginia State University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphDelaware State University: Profile  George Washington University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphVirginia Union University: Profile  American University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphGeorge Mason University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphTennessee State University: Profile  Clark Atlanta University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphShaw University: Profile  Norfolk State University: Profile   University of the District of Columbia Mission Statement: mission statement from  udc.edu/about/history-mission/ The University of the District of Columbia is a pacesetter in urban education that offers affordable and effective undergraduate, graduate, professional, and workplace learning opportunities. The institution is the premier gateway to postsecondary education and research for all residents of the District of Columbia. As a public, historically black, and land-grant institution, the University’s responsibility is to build a diverse generation of competitive, civically engaged scholars and leaders.

The definition of community is changing with the rise of technology Research Paper

The definition of community is changing with the rise of technology and generation Y - Research Paper Example The technology has created a platform for the irreplaceable characters to replace real and mortal people. Research indicates that there are real actions by the virtual community. This research paper investigates the change and emergence of virtual communities and societal norms as a consequence of technological growth. The thesis of the paper is; as technology becomes undeniably prominent in everyday life, it has altered the way people conduct themselves, and has resulted to changing the definition of what a community truly is. Most of the online interactions are influenced by a lack of corporeality. The communications are propagated in the absence of body. This has made cyberspaces to be susceptible to human foibles. A telling example is the energy creatures. The energy creature is defined as an online stereotype with certain pathological behaviors. These behaviors tend to infect newsgroups and chat rooms (CeCe and Wendy, 37). Most of these characters look for negative attention. Th e online communities are full of people willing to stir up emotions of thousands within the online community. The emerging community rarely spends time appreciating others. The virtual communities have a social system with includes diversity (Feenberg and Barney, 51). The cyber communities have redefined morality and ethics. Philosophy has attempted to redefine moral realism in the context of the generation Y and emerging virtual communities. The realism and speech act theory suggests that virtual characters can have real actions. However, admitting the intentions in the online communications has introduced particular difficulties for online communications. The virtual communities are seldom interested in merely passing the information (Feenberg and Barney, 51). The circumstances of the virtuality tend to mitigate the moral concerns. The authentic social practices means that some characters tend to bully others. Therefore, cyber space must have defined through the emerging norms (Ce Ce and Wendy, 37). The moral theory introduces a notion of wrongness in a new light. A combination of realism and the moral theory is increasingly becoming important the in the philosophical perceptions of the virtual communities. The causal principle of reality states that real causes have real effects. This principal has a metaphysical commitment to the virtual communities (Putnam, 39). There are no imaginary causes to the real effects. Therefore, the online community must be perceived substantively and objectively. The virtual communities are perceived to be exposing ideals which otherwise lacked a platform for exposure and analysis (Feenberg and Barney, 51). Therefore, the changing morals are not a new phenomenon. The online characters are known to act in a performative way which means that they can cajole, promise or flirt with other characters. These characters intentions are achieved in a real way. Therefore, the online atmosphere is a place where characters cause substantive impact on the physical world. The virtual communities must be perceived to be actual players in the actual or physical communities (Putnam, 49). The other instant is online hate or bullying which causes teenagers to commit suicide. The virtual characters in a screen subscribe to unscripted cultural norms among the digital communities. These emerging norms keep evolving with time (CeCe and Wendy, 39). The

IT PROJECT MANAGEMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

IT PROJECT MANAGEMENT - Essay Example The team circling the project manages various activities involved within the project. According to the activities, it has been further revealed that activities incorporate competing demands with respect to time, quality, risk and cost. Project teams make efforts in managing the expectations with regard to the stakeholders. It is the responsibility of the project team to identify the requirements related to running a project. The knowledge areas related to the project management represent the integration, time, scope, cost, quality, human resource and communication and risk management. Application of the knowledge areas with respect to project management is shown through a pictorial representation given below: (Choudhuri, n.d.). Application of Knowledge Areas (Choudhuri, n.d.) With reference to the provided scenario, it is observed that Moonsoon boutique wants to open an online shop, thus it has hired an IT Project Manager to handle and manage the entire project cycle. The objective o f the assignment project related to Moonsoon boutique entails the effective handling of the required changes in the business process with the aid of a number of busineess and IT teams. This report will reflect the use and the application of the concept involved within project manegemnet that helps in the success or failure of a given project. The objectiv of this report is to discuss the three constraints of project management that entail scope, time and cost along with quality management (Choudhuri, n.d.). Importance of Project Management Concepts in the Success and Faliure of a Project Project management with respect to e-commerce plays a vital role in a business activity. The system related to e-commerce represents outsourcing solutions from the web as well as the mobile sites. A project manager involved in the management of e-commerce projects must take care about the package selection, knowledge management, project portfolio management and the improvement of the research proces s (Light & et. al., 2005). To manage and deliver a project successfully, it entails six phases. Application and implementation of six phases lead the team to the appropriate direction. In accordance with the phases of the project management, when it is divided, the total allocated work is separated into different components that ultimately facilitate in monitoring the activities in a convenient manner (Modesto & Tichapondwa, 2009). Initiation phase represents the beginning of any project. It incorporates the idea that relates to the exploration and the elaboration of the project. Implementation of the initiation phase reflects the feasibility of the project. In accordance with ensuring that the online shop of Moonsoon boutique functions appropriately, all the relevant details must be taken into concern. Parties involved in the given project must acquire a clear understanding and knowledge of the boutique shop. Proper and effective plan related to the proceedings of the project is pl anned by project manager in this phase (Modesto & Tichap

Politics and Administration Essay Example for Free

Politics and Administration Essay Introduction 186, 207, 221? Power Struggle between the pro-democratic and pro-conservatism One of the reasons that led to such a tragic end for Tiananmen Movement is the power struggle between the two camps of leaders, pro-democratic (Former General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party, Zhao Ziyang) and pro-conservatism (Deng Xiao Ping). In 2009, a memoir was published based on audiotapes recorded by Zhao Ziyang, called Prisoner of the State: The Secret Journal of Premier Zhao Ziyang, he mentioned that he â€Å"didn’t want to be a General Secretary who opens fire on the people. † From this, we could clearly tell by that time, Zhao differed in opinion from Deng and other conservative leaders, like Li Peng on how to handle the student movement, i.e. whether to pursue a peaceful or a military solution. http://blog.foolsmountain.com/2009/06/03/tiananmen-1989-a-need-for-dialogue-20-years-later/ One very crucial turning point that we know is that by that time, the CCP General Secretary made a scheduled official visit to North Korea, which turned out to be a bad decision at the time of turmoil; this was because on April 26th CCP Central issued an editorial on Peoples Daily in the absence of Zhao Ziyang, which was titled Uphold the flag to unambiguously oppose any turmoil, denouncing that the patriotic student movement as a turmoil ignited by an extremely small handful of opportunists. http://www.alliance.org.hk/64/6420/?page_id=521 According to Wu Jiaxiang, a former aide and a leading political scientist in Beijing, Zhao Ziyang, before leaving for North Korea on April 21st, had instructed that no politburo meeting should be held in his absence but other CCP leaders, likle Yang Shankun Li Peng immediately convened a CCP Expanded Poliburo Meeting, then reported to Deng Xiaoping with meeting opinions, and then borrowed Deng Xiaopings mouth in stating that CCP should not fear bloodshed. And in Zhao Zhiyangs self account, recorded by Yang Jisheng, he claimed that it was li Ximing Chen Xitong who contacted Wan Li on the night of April 21st in request of convening a commissar meeting; that Wan Li relayed the info to Li Peng. Later, according to ________, Li Peng convened the meeting on the night of 24th, reported it to Deng Xiaoping on 25th, and was authorized to relay Dengs opinions to communist cadres; and that Li Peng took advantage of the occasion to draft a newspaper commentary for publication on April 26th. By the time Zhao returned to China after the scheduled visit, he found it was just too late to remedy the situation as hostilities between the government and the people have been greatly aggravated. Other than the mis-communication over the Peoples Dailys editorial, we may gain further insights into the power struggle between the party leaders by taking a look at a previous document obtained by CNN and written by Bao Tong, a close aide to Zhao Ziyang, describing in detail the events leading up to the crackdown on student protests in Tiananmen Square on June 4, 1989. September 25, 1989 Comrade Hu Yaobang died on April 15, soon after which the student demonstrations began. I was extremely worried. Comrade Xiaoping pointed out in his speech on April 25 that the overwhelming priority in China is stability I completely agreed with his point; I also wanted to maintain stability and prevent turmoil. Specifically, I wanted to make an effort to reduce tensions and to avoid precipitating the tension into clashes. The Peoples Daily April 26th editorial, in my view, was harsh in language and lacked analysis and persuasiveness; I had my reservations about it. On May 19 and 20, the Central Committee announced the decision to send the military into Beijing and declare martial law; in my heart, I believed we made a terribly wrong move; I was afraid that we would be trapped in a very difficult situation, riding a tiger, hard to get-off. The Central Standing Committee collectively criticized Comrade Zhao Ziyang; I felt it was unfair. 1.1 It was I who first informed Comrade Ziyang that the April 26th editorial had aggravated the confrontational mood of students and people who had previously taken a neutral position. Comrade Ziyang returned to Beijing from North Korea on April 30th. As soon as he returned, I reported to him as follows: Students have been demonstrating in the streets since April 27th. There were so many of them that it was impossible to blockade; there were also lots of onlookers following them. Some government officials sympathized with the demonstrations. There were signs that the incident was escalating and expanding; there were a great number of students and others who resented the April 26th editorial and believed that it was hostile towards them. I spoke about my opinion of the editorial: the positive side of the editorial was that it presented Comrade Xiaopings thoughts that China must maintain stability and must not fall into turmoil. However, the editorial was written in a very harsh tone, did not adequately present reasons and lacked analysis. It also did not take into consideration the acceptance of people who were previously neutral. Since there were so many people who believed that the editorial was hostile to them, it was obvious that the editorial did not express its ideas clearly. Comrade Ziyang did not express his own opinions at that time. After a few days, he said to me: It seems that there are flaws in the editorial. Comrade Ziyang certainly formulated his opinions in his own way, but it was I who first reported to him about the editorial with this point of view. http://edition.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/asiapcf/east/04/22/tiananmen.document.01/ Students Uncollective Actions As discussed above, power struggle among the party leaders is one of the factors in leading to the unwanted tragedy of the June 4th Movement, but as I argue down below, the chaotic and unsystematic internal management of various student movements are by nature underlying factors to the tragedy. After the April 27 demonstration, the government commenced to open up dialogues with students, and the government seemed to take the initiative to adopt a more positive approach towards the student movement. The governments willingness to concede and negotiate have lit up the hope for the majority of students that the entire student movement might come to a peaceful end(Source: Book) Yet, almost by the same time, the leadership and organization of the movement among the student leaders became problematic. Not only did the student movement organizations hold different points of views towards the movement strategies, some of the student leaders also paid no respect to organizational claims, and much often instead, they themselves acted on behalf of their organizations. One fine example would be the case of Zhou Yongjun, who was the president of Beijing Autonomous Federation. He helped organize another big demonstration on May 4. However, without any consent from his fellows and colleagues, he announced the end of class strike without a clear resolution within the leadership. http://www.standoffattiananmen.com/2009/04/people-of-1989-zhou-yongjun.html In order to better describe the dividing powers among the student leaders during the late stages of June 4th Movement, Zhao (2001) simply grouped the student demonstrators by that time into three groups, which are called respectively Dialogue Delegation Group, Beijing Students Autonomous Group and the so-called charismatic group http://site.ebrary.com.eproxy1.lib.hku.hk/lib/hkulibrary/docDetail.action?docID=10402626 As Zhao (2001) noted, the students that belonged to Dialogue Delegation Group were eager for the coming dialogue with the government. References Gonzales, Eduardo, L. and Gillespie, C.G. (1994). Presidentialism and Democratic Stability in Uruguay. In J. J. Linz and A. Valenzuela (Ed.), The Failure of Presidential Democracy, Comparative Perspective (pp. 151 – 178). Baltimore: The John Hopkins University Press Hanan, D. (2007). Presidentialism, parliamentarism and semi-presidentialism: Incentives and disincentives in achieving multiple democratic goals. Retrieved from http://djayadihanan.blogspot.com/2007/12/presidentialism-parliamentarism-and.html Linz, Juan J. (1994). The Failure of Presidential Democracy. The Case of Latin America. In J. J. Linz and A. Valenzuela (Ed.), Presidential or Parliamentary Democracy: Does it Make a Difference? (pp.7).Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press Maeda, K. Nishikawa M. (2006). Duration of Party Control in Parliamentary and Presidential Governments: A Study of Sixty-Five Democracies, 1950-1998. Retrieved from http://www.bsu.edu/web/mnishikawa/MaedaNishikawa2006CPS.pdf Mainwaring, S. (1993). Presidentialism, Multipartiism, and Democracy, The Difficult Combination. Comparative Political Studies, Vol. 26 No. 2 (pp. 198 – 228) Mainwaring, S. Shugart, M. (1993). Juan Linz, presidentialism, and democracy: A critical appraisal. Retrieved from http://www.nd.edu/~kellogg/publications/workingpapers/WPS/200.pdf Power, Timothy and Mark J. Gasiorowski. (1997). Institutional Design and Democratic Consolidation in the Third World. Comparative Political Studies. Shugart, M. S., Carey, J. M. (1992). Presidents and assemblies: constitutional design and electoral dynamics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Valenzuela, A. (1994). Party Politics and the Crisis of Presidentialism in Chile: A Proposal for a Parliamentary Form of Government. In J. J. Linz and A. Valenzuela (Ed.), The Failure of Presidential Democracy The Case of Latin America (pp. 93). Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press

Midsummer Nights Dream: Shakespeare vs. Michael Hoffman Essay

Midsummer Night's Dream: Shakespeare vs. Michael Hoffman A Midsummer Night’s Dream is one of Shakespeare’s most popular and frequently performed comical plays (Berardinelli). The play transformed into a cinematic production by Michael Hoffman has not changed in its basic plot and dialogue, but the setting and some character traits have. The play setting has been gracefully moved from 16th century Greece to 19th century Tuscany (Berardinelli). The addition of bicycles to the play affects the characters in that they no longer have to chase each other around the woods, but can take chase in a more efficient fashion. As far as characters are concerned, Demetrius is no longer the smug and somewhat rude character we find in act 1, scene 1 (Shakespeare pg. 6, line 91), but rather a seemingly indifferent gentleman placed in an unfortunate circumstance set to delay his wedding to Hermia. Perhaps the most noticeable change in the character set from stage to film occurs in the characters of Puck and Nick Bottom.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Puck, or Robin Goodfellow, is established in the play as the jester to the King of Fairies, Oberon. He first appears in Act 2, Scene 1 when he and another fairy discuss the disagreement between Oberon and Titania are having. The fairy gives us some indication of Puck's character as she describes how Puck â€Å"frights the maidens of the villagery† and â€Å"Misleading the night wanderers† (Act 2.1, line 35). When Titania refuses to give up the boy servant that Oberon wants, he comes up with a plan to steal the child, and enlists Puck's help to do so. Oberon is fully aware of Puck’s desire to have a good time at the expense of others, but trusts him with the task of retrieving the flower to make Titania fall in love with â€Å"Lion, Bear, Wolf, or Bull.† (Act 2.1, line 180) The idea here is to convince Titania to hand over the changeling boy while she is infatuated with a beast. Being attracted to mischief, Puck seems excited to be taske d to this adventure, and claims to return â€Å"Within forty minutes† (Act 2.1, line 176) so that they can get started on their plan.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Puck describes his harmful behavior as if it is all logically consistent. He says he â€Å"Sometimes lurk in gossip’s bowl,† but does not think he takes anything too far. A lot of the humor that Puck brings to the play comes across in a subtle manner. For example, after he places the flower on Lysande... ...age. Instead of laughing at Bottom, the film generates a feeling of sorrow for his character. When the wine is poured on him when the craftsmen first meet, Bottom takes an obvious emotional blow, so one can see how he would artificially inflate himself with the false perception of being a wonderful actor. When chosen to perform for Thesseus’s wedding, the players are very nervous and turn to Bottom for comfort. They look up to and respect Bottom for his confidence and acting ability, but Bottom later makes a fool of himself in the play by over dramatizing the part of Pyramus, especially when he performs the death of Pyramus. Michael Hoffman’s adaptation of A Midsummer Night’s Dream brings a classical play to a modern audience and makes it an exciting and humorous experience. This is accomplished most notably with the direction he gives to the two characters discussed. The animated humor of Bottom and the slightly more subtle badgering of other characters brou ght forth by Puck creates a certain amount of attachment to the movie by the viewer. The cinematic version of Shakespeare’s play is well adapted to a modern audience, especially through the characters of Puck and Nick Bottom.

Compare and Contrast Sudanic and Mongolian Empires

While the West African Sudanic Empire and Mongols were similar because they both had great centers of trade, such as Timbuktu and the Silk Road, and had a flourishing economy, the Sudanic Empire was greatly influenced by Islam whereas the Mongols accepted many different faiths and the Mongol Empire rose though war and conquest through violence, while the Sudanic Empire rose through more peaceful strategies. The Mongols and the Sudanic empires both had successful economies. The Mongols conquered China in 1220 and established control there.This control enabled them to have ownership of the Silk Road, which brought in plenty of cash due to the demand for Chinese products such as porcelain, silk, etc. The Mongols also took taxes and tributes from their subjects, which provided them with money for their military campaigns. The Sudanic Empire had control of the trans-Saharan trade, which included centers of trade such as Timbuktu. Under Sunni Ali, the empire reached high levels in trade an d economic success. While the Sudanic Empire was greatly influenced by Islam, the Mongols did not follow any one religion.Through trade and interaction, the religion of Islam was spread to the Sudanic Empire. Because it was accepted by many rulers, much of the population converted to Islam. The religion became so popular that, in the 1500s, the trading city of Timbuktu had a prominent Islamic university &180 schools that taught the Quran. The Mongol Empire had a polytheistic religion in the beginning, but had no governing organized religion system. Through interaction, many Mongols converted to faiths such as Islam and Christianity because they were stationed in areas where those religions were popular, such as Persia and Baghdad.There was never any extremely popular faith that the Mongos followed. Although the Sudanic and Mongol empires had different faiths, they were both tolerant to other religions. The Sudanic Empire continued to let the African polytheistic religions practice t heir faith and the Mongols did not disturb the religions of the places they conquered but rather assimilated to them. The Mongol Empire rose though war and conquest through violence, while the Sudanic Empire rose through more peaceful strategies.The Mongols were known for their great skill on the battlefield. It was through this skill that they conquered their subjects. Killing and looting was the Mongolian past time and was a fun experience for them. Under Genghis Khan, the Mongols massacred and devastated civilizations. The Sudanic Empire was much less destructive, compared to the Mongols. There was some violence for example when the Mali Empire replaced the Ghanaians, but it was not as large scale as the Mongols massacring Baghdad.

World Religions Report: Catholicism

What is Catholicism? Catholicism is considered similar to Christianity with slight differences, such as having the Pope as the head of the church and a strong devotion to the Virgin Mary. Basically, Catholics believe that their Church was founded by Jesus Christ. In addition, Catholic beliefs are specifically mentioned in the Apostles' Creed. Catholics also have sacraments which are received throughout the course of life. They give primary importance to Baptism, which makes them an official member of the Catholic Church. Generally, Catholic belief is based both on Scriprture and Tradition. The Holy Bible that contains scriptures are divided between the New and Old Testaments. â€Å"The original language of most of the Old Testament is Hebrew or Aramaic, but several books or portions of books were written in Greek. The New Testament was also written in Greek† (Christianity Portal, 2006). Moreover, sacred traditions are ones carried over from the earliest Church practices. These are handed down through scriptural teachings. They are guided in life by the Ten Commandments, that are believed to be given by God himself through a prophet named Moses. These commandments include honoring one's parents, not taking the name of God in vain, and honoring Sabbath day (Sunday), among others. The commandments are based on love of God and mankind. Based on the commadments, Man is also forbidden to kill another or steal from others. Committing against the commandments is considered a â€Å"mortal† sin and can condemn one to hell. On the other hand, following the commandments and being good towards others promises heaven and eternal life. Furthermore, prayer is important in the life of every Catholic. However, this is not an obligation. They have various forms of prayer towards God, special prayers to saints and patron saints, ad prayers according to intention. In addition, there are Catholics who have established devotion to Mary, the mother of Jesus. They pray to her for intercession, basing on the belief that whatever is asked through her to Jesus will be granted. These, however, depends if it is God's will. They pray the Holy Rosary, which consists of repetitions of the Hail Mary, a prayer for Mary. During the rosary, they recall the life of Christ in the form of four mysteries: Joyful, Sorrowful, Glorious, and Light Mysteries. Catholicism believes in one God and sees Him as â€Å"eternal, all-powerful, all-knowing and omnipresent†(Christianity Portal, 2006). Catholics believe that God know all man's thoughts and sees all his actions. Catholics believe that there are three persons in one God – the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit. â€Å"The faith of the Church and of the individual Christian is based on a relationship with these three Persons of the one God† (Christianity Portal, 2006). Name, Location Review of the Site The interview with Danford Cabinatan was conducted in The Saint Rita's Catholic Church in Waianae, Hawaii. It is located in 89-318 Farrington Highway, Nanakuli. The church can be easily identified as Catholic as there are three big crosses on top of it. Inside are statues of Mary, angels, and saints. Most noticeable is the statue of the crucified Christ on the cross. There is a rectangular table by the altar where the priest officiates the Holy Mass. The said table faces wooden pews, where Catholics sit/kneel during the Mass. Based on Saint Rita's official website, their schedule of Masses are held everyday. However, confessions are held by appointment. In addition, matrimony should be scheduled at least 6 months ahead of the actual wedding date. Saint Rita conducts religious educational activities for the youth and for adults. They conduct Bible Studies and Scripture Sharing. Interview Summary Ten questions about Catholicism were prepared for this interview. Danford Cabinatan willingly answered all these questions. He was baptized Catholic and was raised as one by his parents. Baptism, as he said, prepares adults to receive other sacraments such as Reconciliation and Confirmation. As a Catholic, he attends Mass on Sundays and holy days of obligation, confesses his sins, receives the Holy Communion, and observes the days of fasting and abstinence. Some of the important and traditional Catholic holidays are the Holy Days of Obligation, Ash Wednesday, Palm Sunday, Good Friday, Easter Sunday, The Ascension, Pentecost, Trinity Sunday, Feast of the Assumption of Mary, All Saints Day, Feast of the Immaculate Conception and Christmas or the Nativity of Jesus Christ. Catholics differ from other Christians as they celebrate the Eucharist. In contrast to Christians, the Catholic Church is overseen by the Pope, and has devotion to Mary and the Saints. The Christia Bible also differs from other religious books as it has the Old and the New Testaments. All Christians use the Bible, however they differ in versions and translations. When asked how has his religion shaped his life, Cabinatan answered â€Å"Religion is/will always be part of my life and shaped me to what I am today. Believing and having faith In God. Believe in the Ten Commandments and life will be good to anyone. One just needs to recite the Apostles’ Creed. † He also denies questioning his faith at any point of his life. The Catholic Church is involved in the community lot of social programs and ministries throughout the world. They include shelters, hospitals and schools. The ministries like the Catholic Relief Services and Charities help the poor, families, sick and elderly. The Catholic Church have organizations world wide like the Daughters of Charity and the Knights of Columbus. The Knights of Columbus visited every family who had lost family member/members in the 9-11incident. In addition, the Knights also assisted and donated huge amount of money to the families affected by the 9-11 attack. Cabinatan is a member of the Knights of Columbus and a Eucharistic minister. He also is an Extra Ordinary minister at the hospital where he visits the sick and administers the Eucharist every 5th Sunday. Catholism versus Buddhism There are significant differences between Catholicism and Buddhism. Among which are beliefs, faith, traditions, and practices. One of the major differences is the entity worshipped. Catholics, as Christians, primarily believe in Jesus Christ while Buddhists believe in Buddha. Jesus Christ was the son of Mary, who conceived Christ through Immaculate Conception. Buddha was born as Siddhartha Gautama, who was the King of India. Christ claimed he is both man and God, who died and rose again, â€Å"establishing a unique and everlasting covenant with man† (Clark, 2008). On the other hand, Buddha is believed to be one of the many to come in different ages â€Å"to teach man that life is an illusion and to strip away human desires and attachments†(Clark, 2008). Christ said that he is â€Å"the Way, the Truth, and the Life† while Buddha teaches that â€Å"every person must find their own path to enlightenment, or nirvana, the extinction of self†(Clark, 2008). Jesus taught â€Å"God wishes to share His divine life, given through the Son by the power of the Holy Spirit while Buddha taught individuality must perish and that everything is One† (Clark, 2008). On faith, Buddhists do not believe in a god. Buddha was a human being â€Å"who attained full Enlightenment through meditation and showed the path of spiritual awakening and freedom† (Fisher, 2005, p. 134). With this, Buddhism is said to be a religion of â€Å"wisdom, enlightnement and compassion† while Catholicism is a religion of God. Catholics believe that the Church is the Body and Bride of Christ, the seed of the Kingdom of God, and the conduit of God's grace and mercy in the world† (Clark, 2008). Catholics rely on faith in God when difficulties and trials come in life. Meanwhile, Buddhist teaching suggests that the only way to escape these difficulties is non-existence. In the light of sufferings and problems, Catholics see these as something to bring them closer to God. They see these as part of everyday life and takes these as a reason to maintain devotion to God. In other words, sufferings and sacrifices unite them with him. On the other hand, the Buddhists see suffering as something to be escaped from. They are â€Å"not concerned with whether or not God exists, nor offer worship. Instead, seek after non-self (anatman)†(Clark, 2008). Buddhists also believe that it was during meditation under a bodhi tree that Buddha was suddenly enlightened. He was enlightened with the doctrine or â€Å"dharma† of â€Å"Four Noble Truths†. These are: (1) life is suffering; (2) the cause of suffering is desire; (3) to be free from suffering we must detach from desire; and, (4) the â€Å"eight-fold path† is the way to alleviate desire. The eight-fold path includes having right views, intentions, speech, actions, livelihood, effort, mindfulness, and concentration. The final goal of Buddhism is not merely to eradicate desire, but to be free of suffering. (Clark, 2008) On practice, the Catholics celebrate the Holy Eucharist every Sunday. They attend the mass on Holy Days of Obligation: Feast of the Immaculate Conception and Christmas Day. Catholics have various prayers that are prayed at any time of the day. Catholics also have traditional prayers such as the Our Father, that is believed to have been taught by Jesus Christ himself. Any conversation with God is considered a form of prayer. At times, they meditate and keep silent, since they believe that God speaks in silence. Buddhists, on the other hand, do not pray to a higher power as Catholics do, but they recite mantras and meditate. Buddhists meditate to gain clarity of thought, power of concentration and insight into the true nature of reality. Similarities noted between these two religions is the practice of prayer and the desire to reach a good and peaceful state. According to the Ignatius in Sight website, â€Å"External similarities, including monks, meditation, and prayer beads, seemed to indicate a newly discovered closeness between the followers of Christ and Buddha† (Clark, 2008). Conclusion It appears that Catholicism is a religion while Buddhism is more of a way of life. Catholics observes rules based on the commandments and morals that guide their way of life. However, this is not in a strict sense. Some opt to be non-practicing Catholics. These are ones who were baptized in the Catholic church but do not attend the Mass or receive any other sacraments. Catholics may do good in the name of God and mankind but with the fear that failing to do so will make them sin and go to hell. Also, they aim to do what the Catholic Church teach, for fear of immorality. Based from the interview of Danford Cabinatan, his inclination in the Catholic faith was instilled right after birth. He was baptized as a Catholic and accordingly brought up as one by his parents. When he was asked how he deals with the impulses of the secular world, he exclaimed â€Å"I tell everyone to stay close to the church and life will be good to you! Don’t let life pass you by! This is why Cabinatan is an active member of the Church and a true practicing Catholic. The impression is Cabinatan appears contented and happy being a Catholic all his life. He even remarked that he has never doubted the Catholic faith. He did not consider converting to any religion. Just like any job, relationship, or status, one's religion can be freely chosen. What matters is what works f or the person and what makes him live a healthy productive life. For Cabinatan, Catholicism is beneficial, as he appears contented and confident in the Catholic belief.

Culture and Identity Essay Example

Culture and Identity Essay Example Culture and Identity Essay Culture and Identity Essay CULTURE AND IDENTITY WORD COUNT: 2,241 28/11/13 Introduction Culture, this is a way that an individual attaches themselves to a certain community from which they are from, a way in which an individual is brought up based on what that community believes in; according to theorists culture is the shared philosophies, ideologies, values, assumptions, beliefs, expectations, attitudes and norms that knit a community together Meek (1988, p. 57) when considering an organisation, the founder of that particular organisation is where the culture will be derived from, for example the Red Carnation Hotels culture is to make the guests feel hey are in their own home home away from home redcarnationhotels. com, (2012) this concept is embedded in all the RCH hotels. Identity is what an individual identifies themselves to be, for example depending on where they work or their state in which they find themselves in is what they will identify themselves to be. Identity can be derived from the surroundings; it defines who that person is based on where the individual was brought up; TaJfel (1978) comments on social identity and how an individual identifies themselves based on the social group they belong to; In order or this to happen the in-groups of the organisation need to reciprocate the corporate culture to the out-groups and allow assimilation to take place in order for the culture to be embedded in the individual. The essay will outline the positive and negative impacts that identity and corporate culture can cause to the hospitality industry if not incorporated correctly by the managers of the organizations, which can then cause a rejection of the culture and therefore affect an individuals performance, which in the long run will affect the organisations performance when it omes to competition. Literature Review Corporate culture and worker identity have been said to share different values, after extensive research from other theorists it has been said that culture and identity are meta-concepts Glenn (1991). Which suggest they work very closely with one another and that they are not all that different from one another; Hogg (2000) comments on how certain individuals derive their identity from the organisation, the corporate culture of the organisation is what an individual will identify themselves to be based on the values and beliefs of the corporate culture. In this essay the discussion will focus upon the complexity of corporate culture and worker identity. The way in which or discontinuous change, this is also because many theorists have sought to further identify and elaborate the theoretical constructs that underpin the concept in order to develop a more comprehensive theory of culture in organisations Ogbonna and Harris (2000, p. 33) this is to better serve the individuals who want to adapt the culture of the organisation to their own, but in order for that to happen they need to understand what the culture is. Culture cannot be defined in one particular way it has different attributes and meanings depending on what context it is used. For example Hofstead (1991, ed. 1994) defines the diversity and complexity of culture using the onion diagram which illustrates the different stages of culture and how when applied to an organisation the different practices can affect both the organisation and the individual. Managers therefore play a vital part in implementing the culture to the individuals, Cameron et al (1999) says in order for culture to be embedded in an individual managers need to reciprocate the ndividuals occupation to that of the organisational culture in this way managers need to have the ability to confer identity; for example aiding a chef to find similarities between their culture and that of the organisation. The purpose here is to identify that every organisation has a culture and this culture is what sets them apart in the competing market, in order for the culture to be used as a tool to compete with other organisations that are competing in the same sector the culture has to be embedded in every individual that is part of that particular organisation. This is because when there is a sense of unitary the organisation can function in an effect way and be able to meet or exceed its goals. Although when it comes to the hospitality industry there is always friction because of the different out-groups for example chef culture is one of the out-groups in the hospitality industry that has its own culture and deeply rooted values which in many cases will be different from the organisation. The passionate nature of the chef needs to be taken into consideration; because they perceive themselves to be artists therefore it is difficult for the rganisation to dictate the type of art that should be used that will fall in line with the culture of the organisation. Discussion There have been a number of theorists that over the years try and explain culture, for example Ogbonna (1993) in one of his papers questions whether or not culture is manageable. This however depends on the organisation that is being discussed and depending on the study it will differ from other definitions of culture; for example the culture of a motor company will differ to that of a hospitality company, he then comments on the concept of Smircichs (1983) theory of perceiving culture as is and has when viewed as something an organisation has, culture becomes a powerful organisational tool. It shapes behaviour, gives organisational members a sense of identity. Ogbonna (1993, p. 14) This suggests that culture in this concept is manageable because there is room to adapt and individuals can identify themselves with the culture and therefore can easily affiliate to the organisational culture; for example when considering a chef in the hospitality industry, its best to say a chef when given the opportunity they can identify similarities in the organisation and be he in-group and out-group processes because the out-groups will be able to identify themselves with t he culture of the in-group, this is because there is room for change and amendments, in doing so the in-group puts processes in place with which the out-groups through amalgamation can adapt to in an incremental way. When it comes to describing culture is the organisation Smircich (1983) suggest that this is not an ideal organisation in terms of implementing strategies or improvements. Ogbonna (1993) also says if culture is the organisation then there is not a lot of room o debate or give suggestions; innovation cannot be implemented in this type of phenomenon because of how deeply rooted the culture is. This suggest that the out- groups of the organisation have no choice but to adhere to the culture, in this type of organisation there is an expectancy of rejection of the culture thus implementing a discontinues change in the company, this will also affect the performance of the organisation and wont be able to compete with other organisation that are competing in the same sector. When looking at the roots of the organisation Hofstede (1991 , ed. 1994) onion diagram best describes culture is the organisation. This is because when viewing an onion it has many layers, there is no way of getting to the core of the onion without peeling off the outer layers, unless you cut it in the middle. When applying this concept to an organisation whereby culture is the organisation, it suggests how deeply rooted the culture is. The culture cannot be penetrated because of how deeply rooted it is. If for example changes had to be made to the organisation for example the out-groups of the organisation wanted to e innovative, that would be nearly impossible because if the out-groups innovation does not fall in line with the corporate culture of the organisation it will cause a disruption, and the innovation will be rejected. This is dangerous for an organisation because in order to stay in the competing market the organisation has be innovative; its also dangerous in the competitive market because the strategies can be copied by other competing markets, therefore the organisation will not have any competitive advantage in the market and in an economic downturn it will not be able to survive. In the case of culture is the organisation it is best to use a reciprocal strategy between the in-groups and the out groups. Cameron et al, (1999, p. 225) comments on the fact that a reciprocal and adversarial relationship between occupation and organisation culture is very much needed and i t is the duty of the managers to implement this strategy this is also because managers are in the best position to incorporate this strategy to unify the organisation. Before the strategy is implemented there needs to be an understanding that culture and identity are two meta-concepts; a chef is in itself an identity and a culture. The question is how a manager reciprocates a chef into the organisational culture. Turner (1982) suggests a way in which reciprocation can happen, he says in order for an individual to associate themselves with the organisation that individual needs to stop perceiving themselves from a self-perception and perceive themselves from a group- perception. Another way is Self-categorization this is a way in which a chef needs to affiliate with the organisational culture; furthermore the chef will be able to see imilarities between the organisational culture and its own which will then lead to the chef not thinking of himself as an individual but rather thinking as a group or as group of the company which has a different culture but instead they will share the same culture as the in-group in so doing the process of depersonalisation takes place. This is the way in which chefs of an organisation assimilates themselves to the in-group prototype and thus begin to share the same culture as the organisation. Not only does culture play a major role in the organisation so does identity, which rings us back to the point made earlier that culture and identity should be viewed as meta-concepts this is because culture can be viewed as an individuals identity; this is because when referring to a persons culture it is the same as referring to their identity. When it comes to an organisation many theorists comment on the fact that individuals need to assimilate to the organisations culture, part of the reason this needs to happen is because in simple terms the individual is in need of the Job because at that particular moment the Job is what is paying for that individuals eing. Another reason is that in hospitality there is a lot of competition when acquiring a Job therefore individuals need to be highly skilled and also multi-skilled which increases their probability of getting employed. In rare cases where the individual does not assimilate to the organisations culture is where the organisation is in need of that individual because of the skills that come with that individual, for example a Michelin chef would be an example of this. The reason being if the organisation wants to have a competitive advantage in the market the Michelin chef s very much needed in that organisation because of what that particular chef will contribute to the entire organisation. Conclusion In conclusion culture and identity are two concepts that are very complex and diverse, in that they need to be treated with delicacy. Both meta-concepts of the other which means are very similar to one another, there cannot be reference to culture without thinking of identity, in some cases that can happen for example when the culture is the organisation in this case it is the culture that is considered more than identity. Whereas when an organisation has a culture this is when the two oncepts work together because changes can be made to the organisation based on an identity for example having a Michelin chef changes the culture from a regular restaurant toa Michelin restaurant based on the identity of the individual. In order for the organisation to work as one unit or to become unitary, the in-groups need to reciprocate the out-groups to the corporate culture. In doing so this not only builds a strong organisation but it makes the organisation work simultaneously, thus increasing its capability in the competitive market. When it comes to the values and eliefs of the organisation that have been rooted deep within the corporate culture, this in a way can help the organisation in terms of competing in the competitive market, however it can only be effective in a case whereby it cannot be copied by another organisation. A prime example of this can be The Ritz Carlton hotel, compared to other five star hotels its one of the major hotels that does extremely well in the competitive market and has been doing so for a long time. At the end of the day theorist have tried to give a definition of the word culture and they each have not ound a meaning to it because depending on what context culture is used the meaning automatically changes, it is safe to say that culture and identity is to do with origin and from that can we apply it to different contexts to try and find its definition collected. References Journal articles Cameron, D. , Gore, J. , Desombre, T. , et al An examination of the reciprocal affects of occupation culture and organisation culture: the case of chefs in hotels. n International Journal of Hospitality Management (1999) Glenn, S. S. , 1991. Contingencies and metacontingencies: Relations among behavioural, cultural and iological evolution. In: Lamal, P. (Ed. ), Behavioural Analysis of So cieties and Cultural Practices. Hemisphere, London, pp. 39}71. Hogg, M. A. and Terry, J. D. Social identity and self categorisation processes organizational contexts in Academy Management Review (2001) Hofstede, G. , 1991. ed. 1994. Cultures and Organizations. McGraw-Hill, Maidenhead, I-JK. Meek, L. M. , 1988. Organizational culture: origins and weaknesses. Organization Studies 9 (4), 453}473. Ogbonna, E. , 1992/93. Managing organisational culture: fantasy or reality? Human resource Management 3 (2), 43}54 Ogbonna, E. , 1992/93. Managing organisational culture: fantasy or reality? Human resource Management 3 (2), 43}54 Smircich, L. , 1983. Concepts of culture and organizational analysis. Administrative Science Quarterly 28, 339}358. TaJfel, J. , 1978. Di! erentiation Between Social Groups. Academic Press, London. Turner, J. C. 1982. Towards a cognitive redefinition of the social group. In H. TaJfel (Ed. ), Social identity and inter- group relations: 15-40. Cambridge: Cambridge Univer- sity Press. Website Redcarnationhotels . (2012) . The RCH story. Retrieved from http:// www. redcarnationhotels. com/about-us/the-rch-story

How to Find Original Science Fair Project Ideas

How to Find Original Science Fair Project Ideas Do you want to come up with a truly original science fair project that is all your own and not one out of a book or used by another student? Heres advice that may help stimulate your creativity. Find a Topic That Interests You What interests you? Food? Video games? Dogs? Football? The first step is to identify subjects that you like. Ask Questions Original ideas start with questions. Who? What? When? Where? Why? How? Which? You can ask questions such as: Does ____ affect ____ ? What is the effect of _____ on _____ ? How much ____ is required to _____ ? To what extent does ____ affect ____ ? Designing an Experiment Can you answer your question by changing only one factor? If not, then it will save you a lot of time and energy to ask a different question. Can you take measurements or do you have a variable you can count such as yes/no or on/off? It is important to be able to take measurable data rather than rely on subjective data. You can measure length or mass, for example, but it is hard to measure human memory or factors such as taste and smell. Try brainstorming ideas. Think of topics that interest you and start asking questions. Write down variables that you know you can measure. Do you have a stopwatch? You could measure time. Do you have a thermometer? You could measure temperature? Cross out any questions that you cant answer. Pick the remaining idea that you like the best or try this exercise with a new subject. It may not be easy at first, but with a little practice, youll be generating lots of original ideas.

Criminal Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Criminal Law - Essay Example The main purposes of having criminal laws are just twofold: to state public morality and to set the boundaries within the society. In a society, there are various non-verbal practices that have been put to law, because the members of the society deem it as offending or inappropriate. So when an individual violates a rule which is establish by the society, or perhaps a public moral, then that individual would be punished for intentionally breaking the rule, because his action implies that he is intentionally causing disharmony to the society. Law, or criminal law in this case, seeks to have these individuals accountable for the criminal actions they have committed. This is done through having legal actions against them, like imprisonment or fines. Criminal law is based on many written sources, all of them from laws. These are constitutional, administrative, statutory, common and case laws. Constitutional law deals with the U.S. Constitution: how it has to be interpreted and implemente d. All the laws are subordinate of the constitution. If, say, a law is in conflict with the Constitution, the Supreme Court acts on it and deem it unconstitutional. Administrative laws are made by the government offices, agencies and commissions. They are semi-judicial or semi-legislative in character but they often have criminal penalties. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Federal Trade Commission (FTC) and Internal Revenue Service (IRS) are examples of administrative agencies that make this kind of laws. They can also formulate rules and investigations and also impose sanctions. Statutory laws are those which are passed as statutes by the Congress and other state legislative bodies. The federal government has its own set of statutory laws as well as the state government. Federal law sometimes overlaps with the federal law. Common law is based on the universal practices and notions of the society. It is also known as judge-made law, where the judges created the common law by r uling that certain actions are deemed as crimes and they are punishable. The judges also defined that certain offenses like rape and murder are crimes against the state. This originated in England in the twelfth century. Case laws are laws that laws that have resulted from court decisions and interpretations of statutory law. This is often the result when certain court decisions have not yet been codified. One of the most common justification and excuse defense used is self-defense and insanity. A justification or excuse in jurisprudence is a defense against criminal charges and it’s commonly used as a means to grant exception for a person which may have criminal liabilities (excuse) or as a means to vindicate an act (justice). These defenses have similar but different functions. Justification was already seen in Early English law but they were for remission of the criminal’s punishments, which is basically just a dismissal of criminal charges. Justification also means that criminal charges be dismissed because an individual enforcement of the law or for the benefit of the public. Excuse began as a plea for mercy and often used psychology to support the acts of crime. Therefore, justification implies that it is for the common good, and for the uniformity of the people in the society while excuse is a highly individualized defense, depending on the accused psychological assessment. For example, self-defense is commonly used as

The Good Soldier Svejk Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Good Soldier Svejk Analysis - Essay Example en analyzed by the author as well as the main characteristics that have been explored and satirized such as the use of national language, utilization of legal symbols, and religious objects among others. The novel describes the happenings of the First World War that resulted from the murder in Sarajevo. Characters such as Svejk display a great interest in serving the Australian emperor during the war that it was hard to decide whether he was simply crafty or an idiot who undermined the efforts of the war. Subsequently, he gets arrested by the secret police, Bretschneider, when he makes sensitive remarks about politics and later sent to penitentiary. It is then claimed that he was insane and was sent to a madhouse before he was ejected. Subsequently, he uses his intellect to join the army as batman to the chaplain of the army who is Otto Katz. Generally, the narrative recounts of how a rogue was able to use his wits and survived various misfortunes. It gives a limelight to a corrupt and complex society where the main character is always on the move from the beginning of the novel. One of the key elements that the author has used in sustaining and creating interest and making the char acteristics more credible is in developing the main character and how he is enlightened by the struggles in his life. The amazing and picaresque novel is a genre that has exemplary characteristics such as satire, which enables the author to introduce various social types in funny and bizarrely situations. This he does to expose their vanity, stupidity, and hypocrisy. The form used does not make difficult demands to have intricate plotting as in the case of detective stories but rather has detailed characterization of persons who are comic strips with regard to social types. The style employed demands an interesting and sympathetic central character as well as witty satire in order to sustain the interest’s of the reader in all the episodes. Hasek satirize s and explores various